Sapphire Crystal Orientations and Their Applications in Various Fields
published on 2025-04-24
Sapphire (Al2O3) belongs to the hexagonal crystal system, with its crystal orientations typically defined by crystal planes (hkl) and crystal axes (a, b, c). The crystal axes consist of three directions: a, b, and c. Among these, the a and b axes form a 60-degree angle on the plane, while the c axis stands perpendicula
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